Should Total Neoadjuvant Therapy Be the First-Line Treatment for Patients With Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer?

Affiliation

• ¹ Mahsoem Ali, BSc; and Lenka N.C. Boyd, MD, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit, Department of Medical Oncology, Lab of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Elisa Giovannetti, MD PhD, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit, Department of Medical Oncology, Lab of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start-Up Unit, Fondazione Pisa per la Scienza, Pisa, Italy; and Geert Kazemier, MD, PhD, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.