Examining the Emotional and Physical Health Impact in Users of Open-Source Automated Insulin Delivery and Sources of Support: Qualitative Analysis of Patient Narratives

J Med Internet Res. 2025 Jan 6:27:e48406. doi: 10.2196/48406.

Abstract

Background: Although commercially developed automated insulin delivery (AID) systems have recently been approved and become available in a limited number of countries, they are not universally available, accessible, or affordable. Therefore, open-source AID systems, cocreated by an online community of people with diabetes and their families behind the hashtag #WeAreNotWaiting, have become increasingly popular.

Objective: This study focused on examining the lived experiences, physical and emotional health implications of people with diabetes following the initiation of open-source AID systems, their perceived challenges, and their sources of support, which have not been explored in the existing literature.

Methods: We collected data from 383 participants across 29 countries through 2 sets of open-ended questions in a web-based survey on their experience of building and using open-source AID systems. Narratives were thematically analyzed, and a coding framework was identified through iterative alignment.

Results: Participants consistently reported improvements in glycemia, physical health, sleep quality, emotional impact on everyday life, and quality of life. Knowledge of open-source AID systems was largely obtained through the #WeAreNotWaiting community, which was also the primary source of practical and emotional support. The acquisition of the components to build an open-source AID system and the technical setup were sometimes problematic.

Conclusions: The #WeAreNotWaiting movement represents a primary example of how informed and connected patients proactively address their unmet needs, provide peer support to each other, and obtain results through impactful, user-driven solutions. Alongside providing evidence on the safety and efficacy of open-source AID systems, this qualitative analysis helps in understanding how patients' experiences and benefits range from psychosocial improvements to a reduction in the burden of managing diabetes.

International registered report identifier (irrid): RR2-10.2196/15368.

Keywords: automated insulin delivery; challenges; community support; continuous glucose monitoring; diabetes; diabetes technology; emotional health; impact; insulin pumps; mobile phone; open source; peer support; support; type 1 diabetes; unmet needs; users.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Diabetes Mellitus / drug therapy
  • Diabetes Mellitus / psychology
  • Emotions
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Insulin Infusion Systems
  • Insulin* / administration & dosage
  • Insulin* / therapeutic use
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Narration
  • Qualitative Research
  • Quality of Life / psychology

Substances

  • Insulin