MultiSpace Deep Fascial Infection in the Head and Neck Patient Complicated with Guillain-Barre Syndrome: Case Report with a Literature Review

Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is the most prevalent and severe form of acute paralytic neuropathy, commonly triggered by infections and characterized by an abnormal autoimmune response. Reports of multispace deep fascial infection (DFI) in the head and neck complicated by GBS are exceedingly rare. We report a 69-year-old woman with DFI who developed postoperative limbs weakness. GBS was diagnosed after neurology consultation and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) puncture examination. Then the patient was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin, as well as supportive care and rehabilitation exercise. After our treatment, the patient was discharged successfully. GBS is a rare complication after head and neck surgery. When progressive weakness occurs in patient of DFI, the possibility of GBS should be considered, and CSF and electrophysiological examinations should be performed as soon as possible. For patients with DFI complicated with GBS, prognosis depends on early diagnosis and treatment.