Biological silage from tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) by-products on the productive performance, hematological parameters and egg quality of older commercial hens

This study evaluated the effects of incorporating biological silage from tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) by-products (BST) on the performance, hematological and plasma biochemical parameters, and egg quality (physical, proximate composition and sensory characteristics) of older commercial hens. The BST was prepared by ensiling tambaqui by-products with lactic acid bacteria, cassava trimmings, and preservatives, producing a nutrient-rich, high-protein feed ingredient. One hundred and twenty Hisex Brown hens (83 weeks old) were divided into five treatment groups, each receiving diets with 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4% BST. Performance metrics, egg quality parameters, and blood samples were collected over 63 days. The results showed that diets with 1 to 2% BST improved egg weight, eggshell quality, and feed efficiency without adverse effects on hen health. However, higher BST inclusion levels led to declines in feed intake, egg production, and mineral content in eggs, possibly due to the sensory properties of the tambaqui-based diets. Hematological analysis indicated an increase in MCV and MCH values with higher BST levels, while triglycerides increased and cholesterol decreased, suggesting potential benefits for lipid metabolism at moderate inclusion levels. Sensory analysis of eggs showed greater acceptance in diets with 3% to 4% BST due to yolk color enhancement, although higher levels were not optimal for hen productivity. These findings support BST as a viable alternative feed in poultry diets, promoting waste utilization in a sustainable, circular economy model for the agribusiness sector.