The conserved K3 residue in the N-terminal region of Rab10 small GTPase is required for tubular endosome formation: N-terminal tagging causes Rab10 dysfunction

Various N-terminal tags have often been used to identify the functions and localization of Rab small GTPases, but their impact on Rab proteins themselves has been poorly investigated. Here, we used a knockout (KO)-rescue approach to systematically evaluate the effect of N-terminal tagging of two Rabs, Rab10 and Rab27A, on Rab10-KO HeLa cells and Rab27A-deficient melanocytes (melan-ash cells), respectively. The results showed that all of the N-terminal-tagged Rab27A proteins mediated actin-based melanosome transport in the melan-ash cells, but none of the N-terminal-tagged Rab10 proteins fully rescued the defect in tubular endosome formation in the Rab10-KO cells. Although the N-terminal-tagged Rab10 proteins had the ability to localize tubular endosomes in wild-type HeLa cells, they sometimes exhibited a dominant-negative effect on tubular endosome formation. We also found that a conserved lysine residue at amino acid position 3 (K3) in the Rab10 proteins of different species is required for tubular endosome formation. Thus, it will be important to determine whether other Rab isoforms with N-terminal tags behave similarly to their corresponding untagged isoforms by performing appropriate KO-rescue experiments in future studies.