Treatment of Tracheoesophageal Fistula With Occluder Device Assisted by Three-Dimensional Printing

Tracheoesophageal fistula is a pathologic communication between the trachea and the esophagus that can cause severe complications and progress rapidly, potentially leading to death in a short period. This report describes a case of malignant tracheoesophageal fistula treated with an atrial septal defect occluder under digital subtraction angiography guidance using 3-dimensional printing assistance. Postoperative computed tomography and bronchoscopy showed good recovery, significant relief of infection symptoms, and marked improvement in airway irritation symptoms.