Evaluation of the Accuracy of Digital Models Generated Using Photogrammetry

Introduction: In contemporary clinical settings, three-dimensional (3D) models have become an integral component of daily practice. Photogrammetry, a novel method in clinical practice, enables the creation of precise 3D models from small objects while maintaining their original shape and size.

Aim: To evaluate the accuracy and reliability of digital models (DM) generated using photogrammetry techniques compared to traditional gypsum models (GM) and to investigate the feasibility of utilizing free software for processing and manipulating digital dental models.

Materials and methods: The study employed a meticulous approach, utilizing specialized software tools to execute the photogrammetry process. Impressions of the maxillary arch were obtained from 50 subjects, and GM were meticulously crafted from these impressions. The subsequent step involved capturing detailed photographs of each GM from various angles, which were then processed using 3DF Zephyr Free^® software by 3Dflow (Verona, Italy). This software, renowned for its semi-automatic functionality, facilitated the reconstruction process by seamlessly processing the uploaded photos. For the measurements, Blender^® (Blender Institute B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands) - a sophisticated software in digital modeling and animation - was used. While digital calipers were employed to measure the GM, Blender software was utilized to measure the DM.

Results: The results of the analysis, as evaluated by unpaired t-tests and volumetric assessments, revealed no significant discrepancies between the measurements obtained from the GM and the DM generated via photogrammetry.

Conclusion: The findings underscore the efficacy of these software tools in ensuring accuracy and reliability in the digitization process.