Effects of environmental factors on the phenotypic traits and seed element accumulation of wild Elymus nutans in Tibet

Soil nutrients and meteorological conditions are pivotal environmental factors influencing plant growth and development. This study systematically analyzes how soil nutrients and meteorological factors influence the phenotypic growth and seed production of wild Elymus nutans in Tibet. These environmental factors are critical ecological determinants, and this research seeks to unveil the complex and diverse ecological adaptation mechanisms of the species. The research encompasses ten counties within the Tibet Autonomous Region, with sampling points distributed across seven distinct ecological environments. By evaluating root soil nutrient levels, collecting meteorological data, and analyzing growth characteristics and seed elemental composition at various sampling points, the study assesses the ecological adaptability of Elymus nutans under diverse soil nutrient and meteorological conditions. Cluster analysis categorized the 25 samples of Elymus nutans into four distinct groups, each exhibiting significant differences in height and leaf length. Correlation analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between sampling point elevation and NH₄⁺, soil total phosphorus, and available phosphorus content, while a significant positive correlation was observed with pH levels. Meteorological variables-including temperature, humidity, and precipitation-significantly influenced plant phenotypes and the elemental composition of seeds. Soil ammonium nitrogen, total phosphorus, and available phosphorus are vital nutrients for the growth of Elymus nutans, and their deficiency has a significant impact on plant phenotypes and overall growth. Environments characterized by high altitude, aridity, and intense radiation constrain plant growth. Climatic conditions influence the growth of Elymus nutans by altering the soil environment, where soil quality plays a critical role in determining growth conditions. These factors interact to collectively impact the ecosystem.