The protective effect of naturally acquired humoral immunity against human papillomavirus (HPV) infection remains unclear. To investigate the role of infection-induced antibodies on HPV detection in heterosexual partners, we used data from 392 unvaccinated couples (females aged 18-25 years attended up to six visits over 2 years; males aged 17-37 years attended up to two visits 4 months apart) enrolled (2005-2011) in Montreal. Genital and blood samples were HPV DNA genotyped and tested for L1 antibody titers of 14 HPV genotypes. Analyses considered female-HPV units (n = 4914 based on 351 couples) and male-HPV units (n = 4214 based on 301 couples); each female and male, respectively, contributed up to 14 observations corresponding to 14 genotypes. Modified Cox and logistic regressions estimated hazard and odds ratios (HR/OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for genotype-specific HPV detections by partner serostatus (high/low: ≥/< baseline median antibody titers, 392 couples). There were 919 and 231 cumulative HPV detections among female-HPV and male-HPV units, respectively. Risk of HPV detections in females (HR = 1.05, CI: 0.90-1.22) and males (OR = 1.31, CI: 0.97-1.77) was similar between those with partners of high versus low serostatus. Constraining to baseline HPV-negative participants with HPV-positive partners yielded unchanged results. This lack of association suggests that naturally developed HPV antibodies do not protect sexual partners from infection.
Keywords: human papillomavirus; natural immunity; serology; transmission.
© 2025 The Author(s). Journal of Medical Virology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.