Factors that Influence Applicant Choice of In-Person versus Virtual Interview Format

Background: Governing bodies of graduate medical education recommend conducting interviews virtually. Although most programs remain compliant with this guidance, it is unclear if this is broadly supported by interviewees. Virtual interview (VI), in-person interview (IPI), and virtual interview with an optional in-person visit (VI+) formats have unique strengths and weaknesses. We sought to evaluate this process.

Objective: To 1) determine which interview format applicants prefer, 2) identify factors that influence applicant preference, and 3) evaluate applicants' perceived ability to evaluate a program.

Methods: Applicants for the pulmonary and critical care medicine and critical care medicine fellowships were offered a choice of interview format during the 2022 interview cycle. Applicants were invited to participate in pre and postinterview questionnaires.

Results: Interviews were offered to 88 applicants. Sixty-two applicants (71%) completed the preinterview questionnaire, and 53 applicants (60%) completed both questionnaires. On preinterview surveys, IPI was the most preferred interview format (57%), followed by VI (28%) and VI+ (15.5%). Thirty-eight (43%), 47 (53%), and 3 (4%) applicants attended the IPI, VI, and VI+ formats, respectively. Applicants who preferred VI most commonly cited cost, distance, and ability to arrange time away from work as influential. Applicants who preferred IPI cited the ability to assess program culture and "fit," facilities, and fellowship happiness as influential. Applicants who participated in IPIs were more confident in their ability to assess all program aspects.

Conclusion: Most applicants prefer an IPI format. Influential factors differ between those who choose VI versus IPI. Recognizing factors that differentiate preference for IPI versus VI is essential to mitigating potential inequity in this process.