Torticollis in a child with Grisel syndrome: A case report and review of the literature

Introduction and importance: Grisel syndrome (GS) is a rare but potentially lethal condition characterized by non-traumatic atlantoaxial subluxation primarily affecting pediatric population following inflammatory condition of head and neck. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment is crucial for better management of symptoms and better outcomes.

Case presentation: 7-years-old child present with torticollis, sudden onset progressive neck pain, restricted range of motion and bilateral lymphadenopathy after upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). Radiological findings revealed 1st and 2nd cervical vertebrae (C1-C2) subluxation and he was diagnosed as GS. He was managed conservatively with head halter and soft collar, resulting full recovery within 2 weeks.

Clinical discussion: Grisel syndrome should be considered in pediatric population presenting with neck pain and torticollis following URTI or surgery, demanding early radiological imaging and prompt treatment to prevent complications.

Conclusion: Early diagnosis and prompt treatment alleviates neurological complications and necessity of surgical intervention.