Guidance on the assessment of the functionality of biomaterials for periodontal tissue regeneration: Methodologies and testing procedures

Arwa Daghrery; Renan Dal-Fabbro; Alexandre H Dos Reis-Prado; Isaac J de Souza Araújo; Nicholas G Fischer; Vinicius Rosa; Nikolaos Silikas; Conrado Aparicio; David C Watts; Marco C Bottino

doi:10.1016/j.dental.2024.12.018

Guidance on the assessment of the functionality of biomaterials for periodontal tissue regeneration: Methodologies and testing procedures

Dent Mater. 2025 Jan 16:S0109-5641(24)00374-9. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.12.018. Online ahead of print.

Affiliations

¹ Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 82943, Saudi Arabia; Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
² Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
³ Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil.
⁴ Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
⁵ Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
⁶ Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore; ORCHIDS: Oral Care Health Innovations and Designs Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
⁷ Dental Biomaterials, Dentistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
⁸ BOBI-Bioinspired Oral Biomaterials and Interfaces, UPC-Universitat Politènica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08010, Spain; Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain; SCOI, Study and Control of Oral Infections, Faculty of Odontology, UIC Barcelona-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain; IBEC, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain.
⁹ School of Medical Sciences and Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, United Kingdom.
¹⁰ Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Electronic address: [email protected].

PMID: 39824690
DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.12.018

Abstract

Innovative biomaterials and tissue engineering strategies show great promise in regenerating periodontal tissues. This guidance provides an overview and detailed recommendations for evaluating the biological functionality of these new biomaterials in vitro, focusing on mineralization, immunomodulatory effects, cellular differentiation, and angiogenesis. Additionally, it discusses the use of in vivo experimental models that mimic periodontitis and scrutinizes methods such as osteogenic differentiation, immunomodulation, and anti-inflammatory responses to assess the effectiveness of these biomaterials in promoting periodontal tissue reconstruction. The guidance also addresses translating these findings to clinical applications, including using large animal models. This article aims to provide general recommendations for assessing the biological performance of novel materials and scaffold-based strategies using in vitro and in vivo (animal models), examining their advantages, disadvantages, and methodologies to guide effective research and clinical translation of regenerative treatments in periodontology.

Keywords: Bone; Differentiation; Immunomodulation; Inflammatory; Periodontal; Regeneration.

Publication types

Review