Investigating GLP-1 Injections: Potential Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Non-Diabetic Patients Presenting with Migraines and Hypoglycemia: A Case Report

Introduction: GLP-1 medications are widely used for weight loss in patients with and without type 2 diabetes. However, limited research exists on their effects in non-diabetic patients, particularly concerning mitochondrial function. This case report investigates the potential of altered mitochondrial dysfunction as a cause of side effects of GLP-1 medications in patients without type 2 diabetes.

Case presentation: The patient, a 43-year-old female with a BMI of 32, presented with hypoglycemia and persistent migraines with auras after Ozempic and Mounjaro injections.

Outcomes: The patient changed her diet to include 90 grams of protein and frequent small meals throughout the day. She took CoQ10, D-ribose, vitamin B complex, and acetyl-l-carnitine, to address the migraines, and this also improved the mitochondrial function. The patient reported balanced blood sugar after changing her diet; her migraines improved and did not return after taking supplementation.

Conclusion: This case report emphasizes the need for awareness and monitoring of potential mitochondrial side effects from GLP-1 injections in patients without type 2 diabetes. Nutritional and supplemental interventions effectively managed the patient's symptoms and emphasized the need for tailored interventions in patients using GLP-1 medications. Further research is needed to understand how GLP-1 injections impact mitochondrial function.