Physicochemical properties, structural analysis, and activity of Shancigu polysaccharides

Objective: To investigate the physicochemical properties, structural characteristics and in vitro activities of Shancigu polysaccharides to identify the authenticity of Shancigu, safeguard its medicinal value, and ensure the safety of its market distribution.

Methods: Eleven polysaccharides from different sources of Shancigu were obtained using water extraction and alcohol precipitation. Physicochemical properties were determined using colorimetry. Preliminary structural characterization was achieved using instrumental analyses, including infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography. Anti-breast cancer and pro-inflammatory activities were compared using in vitro assays.

Results: Shancigu polysaccharides mainly consist of pyranose sugars with α-type glycosidic bonds, including uronic acids, and sulfate groups. The most important monosaccharides are mannose and glucose. Glycosidic bonds were found to comprise (1 → 2) or (1 → 6) bond types. The molecular weight of Shancigu polysaccharides from different sources varied, with Cremastra appendiculata polysaccharides having the highest average molecular weight (352.713 kDa). Polysaccharides from the 11 different sources of Shancigu could all inhibit MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Except for S2-S4, which had no significant effect, all other samples were able to promote the inflammatory response of RAW264.7.

Conclusions: This study provides a theoretical reference for further in-depth research and application of Shancigu polysaccharides. Based on the physicochemical properties, structural characteristics, and biological activities, this study can accurately and rapidly identify the authenticity of Shancigu. All results were consistent with the overall findings, providing a reliable scientific basis for the quality control, market regulation, and clinical application of Shancigu.