Hexagonal Hollow Core PCF-Based Blood Components Sensing: Design and Simulation

Md Alamin Hossain; Md Parash Chowdhury; Md Mahabub Hossain; Mahfujur Rahman; Md Selim Hossain

doi:10.1007/s12013-025-01672-y

Hexagonal Hollow Core PCF-Based Blood Components Sensing: Design and Simulation

Cell Biochem Biophys. 2025 Jan 21. doi: 10.1007/s12013-025-01672-y. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Md Alamin Hossain¹, Md Parash Chowdhury¹, Md Mahabub Hossain², Mahfujur Rahman¹, Md Selim Hossain³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, 5200, Bangladesh.
² Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, 5200, Bangladesh. [email protected].
³ Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, 5200, Bangladesh. [email protected].

PMID: 39836356
DOI: 10.1007/s12013-025-01672-y

Abstract

Blood components play a crucial role in maintaining human health and accurately detecting them is essential for medical diagnostics. A cutting-edge sensor utilizing PCF revealed to precisely identify a wide range of blood components with WBCs (white blood cells), RBCs (red blood cells), HB (hemoglobin), platelets, and plasma. A numerical analysis was performed using COMSOL Multiphysics software to assess the capabilities of the sensor. The sensor design features a hexagonal hollow core-based PCF with a circled air hole operating wavelength from 1.0 μm to 3.0 μm. This innovative PCF sensor exhibits outstanding sensitivity, achieving relative sensitivity values of approximately 97.45% for WBCs, 99.13% for HB, 99.61% for RBCs, 93.44% for plasma, and an impressive 99.42% for platelets, all at a wavelength of 1 μm in its optimized design and this design ensures reliable and highly accurate measurements for various blood components. The corresponding effective areas are 3.32 × 10^-11 m² for WBCs, 2.91 × 10^-11 m² for HB, 2.72 × 10^-11 m² for RBCs, 3.74 × 10^-11 m² for plasma, and 2.79 × 10^-11 m² for platelets, respectively. Furthermore, The sensor demonstrates exceptional performance with remarkably low confinement loss values of 3.032 × 10^-9 dB/m for WBCs, 2.947 × 10^-9 dB/m for HB, 3.147 × 10^-9 dB/m for RBCs, 3.112 × 10^-9 dB/m for plasma, and 3.205 × 10^-9 dB/m for platelets, respectively. Additionally, the effective material loss is 5.43 × 10^-3 cm^-1 for WBCs, 2.19 × 10^-3 cm^-1 for HB, 1.27 × 10^-3 cm^-1 for RBCs, 1.32 × 10^-3 cm^-1 for plasma, and 1.58 × 10^-3 cm^-1 for platelets. Therefore, this biosensor's outstanding sensing capabilities and innovative design make it ideal for industrial and medical applications, ensuring reliability and ease of use. The PCF-based sensor has great potential to transform optical communication applications. Its prosperity model and high sensitivity build it a valued device with the promise of addressing critical challenges in the place of biology, medicine, and communication systems. The sensor features Teflon (tetrafluoroethylene) as its background material, with air holes optimized in a five-ring structure for maximum efficiency and it is the ideal fiber material, offering excellent relative sensitivity and low confinement loss (CL). More than that, 3D printing is the ideal method for fabricating hexagonal hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) structures, allowing for the effective production of the advanced biosensor design.

Keywords: Biosensor; Blood components; EML; Optimize; PCF; Relative sensitivity.