Super-enhancers in tumors: unraveling recent advances in their role in Oncogenesis and the emergence of targeted therapies

J Transl Med. 2025 Jan 21;23(1):98. doi: 10.1186/s12967-025-06098-x.

Abstract

Super enhancers are a unique class of enhancers that possess a distinct structure and mechanism, which enable them to exhibit stronger gene transcription regulatory function than classical enhancers, thereby regulating cellular activities. In tumor samples, super enhancers have been identified as crucial players in the development and progression of tumor cells, opening up new avenues for cancer research and treatment. This review provides a concise overview of various models regarding super enhancer assembly and activation, examining the mechanisms through which tumor cells acquire or activate these enhancers and regulate carcinogenic transcription programs. Furthermore, we discuss the current landscape and challenges in developing cancer therapeutic drugs that target super enhancers.

Keywords: Cancer; Super enhancer; Targeted therapy; Transcription regulatory.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Carcinogenesis* / drug effects
  • Carcinogenesis* / genetics
  • Carcinogenesis* / pathology
  • Enhancer Elements, Genetic* / genetics
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / drug effects
  • Humans
  • Molecular Targeted Therapy*
  • Neoplasms* / drug therapy
  • Neoplasms* / genetics
  • Neoplasms* / pathology