High-dose melphalan followed by "rescue" with autologous marrow stored for 12-24 hours at room temperature was used in the treatment of 14 patients with advanced tumors refractory to conventional treatment. Twelve patients were evaluable, with three complete responses (25%), five partial responses (42%), and two minimal responses (16%). Response durations ranged from 4 to 38 weeks (median, 7). There were two treatment-related deaths and one patient developed acute nonlymphocytic leukemia 3 months after a second course of high-dose melphalan.