KIE: Instances of research fraud such as the John Darsee case have raised questions about the incidence of fraud in scientific research and the willingness of the biomedical establishment to acknowledge and correct the problem. There is no consensus among scientists and editors of medical journals about how widespread data falsification is, whether it can be identified and controlled through the traditional peer review process, and whether or not it should be a matter of public concern. The authors conclude that fraud in science is a complex issue which requires more attention from researchers, administrators, and editors than it now receives.