In this study, two different cavity designs were compared from a mechanical point of view: (a) an axisymmetric model of a conventional class 1 cavity preparation and restoration; and (b) an axisymmetric model of a modified cavity design. The modified design was characterized by a cavo-surface angle (c.s.a.) of approximately 90 degrees and a stepped cavity wall. Using a mathematical model, stresses were calculated by finite element analysis to compare the force distribution. It is concluded that the clinical superiority of the modified cavity design, with respect to the marginal breakdown of the amalgam restoration, can be supported by stress calculations.