The results of femorotibial bypass for limb salvage vary a great deal. One of the reasons for this might be the discrepancy between potential inflow and run-off into the foot. An arteriovenous fistula at the distal graft anastomosis may improve results but the best anatomical arrangement for the fistula is unknown. Ileofemoral grafts were performed in dogs after the hind limb was rendered ischaemic. The distal end of the graft was anastomosed proximal to, superimposed upon, or distal to an arteriovenous fistula between the femoral artery and its accompanying femoral vein. The effect of the fistula on graft/run-off haemodynamics was then measured. The adjunctive arteriovenous fistula increased inflow by a mean of 900 per cent and reduced systemic pressure by 10 per cent. Peripheral resistance was reduced by 85 per cent. Distal arterial run-off was maximized with respect to total graft flow when the graft was placed distal to the fistula (P less than 0.05). The venous steal of flow and perfusion pressure produced by the fistula was minimized with the same configuration compared to the two other arrangements (P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.05). Placement of the graft distal to the adjunctive arteriovenous fistula maximized distal arterial flow and pressure, and significantly increased graft flow.