Cognitive influences on the development of learned helplessness

J Pers Soc Psychol. 1982 Oct;43(4):793-801. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.43.4.793.

Abstract

College students (N = 120) participated in experiment concerning the influence of self-statements following failure on subsequent symptoms of learned helplessness. One third of the students were given solvable concept-formation problems (nonhelpless condition) and two thirds were given unsolvable concept-formation problems (helpless condition). A multivariate analysis of variance revealed a significant difference between helpless and nonhelpless students on cognitive/motivational and affective measures of learned helplessness and on self-statements regarding performance. However, when multiple regression and correlational analyses were performed within the group of students who failed the concept-formation problems, no stable relationship was found between self-statements (cognitions) about concept-formation performance and the measures of learned helplessness. The implications of these results for Beck's (1967) cognitive model of depression and the reformulated learned helplessness model of depression (Abramson, Seligman, & Teasdale, 1978) are discussed.

MeSH terms

  • Cognition*
  • Concept Formation
  • Depressive Disorder / psychology
  • Female
  • Helplessness, Learned / psychology*
  • Humans
  • Internal-External Control
  • Male
  • Models, Psychological
  • Self Concept