We report reconstitution of photoactive yellow protein (PYP) from apoPYP and p-coumaric acid derivatives. The addition of p-coumaric acid to the apoPYP sample did not result in the recovery of PYP. In contrast, yellow products were obtained by the addition of p-coumaryl thiophenyl ester or p-coumaric anhydride to the apoPYP sample, the absorption spectra of which were indistinguishable from the spectrum of intact PYP. Our findings provide strong evidence that PYP has the p-coumaryl chromophore. This reconstitution technique opens the way for further biophysical studies of PYP using artificial chromophore analogs.