Thirty-two selected patients underwent laparotomy in an attempt to resect one or more isolated liver metastases (LM) from breast cancer. Only 21 of them had hepatectomy and systematic lymph node picking of the hepatic pedicle. In six patients (19%), the discovery of diffuse metastatic disease contraindicated hepatectomy and in five patients (16%), the diagnosis of LM was erroneous, for lesions proved to be benign liver tumours. Nineteen of the resected cases received preoperative chemotherapy, 12 received post-operative chemotherapy and two had repeated hepatectomy. Eight patients (38%) had more than one LM and (24%) had positive hepatic lymph nodes. No post-operative mortality occurred. After the beginning of this combined treatment, median survival was 38.2 months and 2- and 5-year survival rates were, respectively, 78% and 24%. After the hepatectomy, median survival was 26 months and 2- and 5-year survival rates were, respectively, 50% and 9%. When a recurrence did occur (mean time to recurrence after hepatectomy was 14.8 months) the liver was involved in 75% of the cases and was the first place of recurrence in 56% of the patients. In this limited series, the number of LM, the number of positive pedicular lymph nodes, and a response to preoperative chemotherapy were not significant prognostic factors. However, patients with negative nodes tended to have a better prognosis, as did those with the first and only site of relapse being the liver. These selected patients, treated with hepatectomy, had a median survival at least three-fold that of patients treated with standard, non-surgical treatment. However, hepatectomy appeared to be mainly a cytoreductive procedure, and the efficiency of this combined treatment was mainly hampered owing to the inefficacy of current chemotherapy programmes. Only a prospective randomized study, in well-defined patients with isolated LM from breast cancer, comparing conventional treatment with or without hepatectomy, will demonstrate whether hepatectomy does indeed increase survival rates.