The IgA, IgM, and IgG antibody responses to pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine were analyzed in 35 asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients stratified according to their CD4 cell counts and in 12 healthy controls. Both the antibody titers in serum and saliva and the numbers of circulating antigen-specific antibody-producing cells (Elispot technique) were measured. At the peak of the antibody responses, HIV-infected patients mounted nearly normal IgG responses, while their IgM responses were significantly depressed, regardless of their CD4 cell counts. The IgA antibody response was decreased in patients with < 500 CD4 circulating cells/mm3. Most IgG antibodies belonged to the IgG2 subclass, and most IgA antibodies were dimeric IgA2 in both controls and patients. Anti-capsular pneumococcal polysaccharide IgG titers decreased much more rapidly in HIV-infected patients so that in all groups they were significantly lower than in controls 9 months after vaccination.