We report a case of squamous cell carcinoma of the ileovesical junction 12 years following total replacement of the ureter with ileum. The uroenteric junctions, which are not exposed to the fecal stream, may be associated with cancer as in ureterosigmoidostomy. The urine infected with fecal bacterial flora combined with a healing uroenteric suture line may be responsible for the tumorigenesis. Urine cytology should be performed at least yearly beginning 10 years after ileal ureter. If any abnormality was suspected cystoscopy must be performed.