Information-processing theorists have suggested that obsessive-compulsive (OC) checking may be a function of either (1) an impaired memory of emotional events, (2) an attenuated ability to distinguish between real and imagined events or (3) a dissatisfaction with one's recall without actual memory impairment. These hypotheses were tested by having OC and control Ss engage in real and imagined actions. Some of the actions were designed to produce anxiety in the OC Ss while other events were designed to be emotionally neutral. No differences in reality-monitoring ability were found between OC and control Ss. Contrary to our prediction, OC Ss recall of their last actual behavior was superior to controls, but only for those actions that elicited anxiety. OC Ss, but not controls, reported that they desired higher levels of memory vividness than they were able to produce. The potential mechanism whereby dissatisfaction with memory vividness could contribute to repetitive checking is discussed.