Background: The aim of the present study was to determine the prognostic factors for treatment response, relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in a series of 73 patients with primary extranodal lymphomas (PEL).
Methods: All the patients diagnosed with PEL in one center from January 1984 to December 1993 were studied. The Working Formulation was used for histologic classification and the stage was determined according to the Ann Arbor classification modified by Mushoff. Age, sex, localization of the lymphoma, the presence of B symptoms, the existence of bulky disease, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, the main hematological and biochemical parameters, the histologic grade of malignancy, the immunologic phenotype and stage were reported. Univariate and multivariate analyses of prognostic factors for complete response (CR), RFS and OS were carried out.
Results: The most frequent localization of PEL was the gastrointestinal tract (43 cases). Fourteen cases had HIV infection. CR was obtained in 37 out of the 55 patients (67%) of whom 8 (21%) had relapsed. Serum LDH level was the main prognostic factor for CR attainment (p = 0.01). The variables which negatively affected RFS were the presence of HIV infection (p = 0.02), advanced age (p = 0.018) and the existence of B symptoms (p = 0.02). OS was shorter in patients with high LDH levels (p = 0.004) and more aggressive histologic subtype (p = 0.0002).
Conclusions: The prognostic factors observed in the patients with primary extranodal lymphomas are the same as those found in nodal non Hodgkin's lymphomas. The stage is not a factor of bad prognosis if chemotherapy is included in the treatment.