Evaluation of the optimal number of faecal specimens in the diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis in AIDS and immunocompetent patients

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1995 Jan;14(1):46-9. doi: 10.1007/BF02112618.

Abstract

This study determines the optimal number of faecal samples that should be examined in order to minimize the occurrence of false-negative results in the diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis using routine techniques. A total of 23,023 faecal samples from 10,870 patients submitted for parasitological examination were processed by the formalin-ethyl acetate concentration technique and stained using a modified Ziehl-Neelsen method. Cryptosporidiosis was diagnosed in 232 patients (2.13%), 44 of whom were infected by HIV, the prevalence rate in this population group being 15.54%. The increase in the number of diagnoses obtained by the examination of n and (n-1) specimens was evaluated statistically. This study found that three is the optimal number of faecal samples that should be examined when cryptosporidiosis is suspected in immunocompetent patients; whereas, only two samples are required for diagnosing this protozoosis in AIDS patients.

MeSH terms

  • Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / complications
  • Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / parasitology*
  • Animals
  • Cryptosporidiosis / complications
  • Cryptosporidiosis / diagnosis*
  • Cryptosporidium / isolation & purification*
  • False Negative Reactions
  • Feces / parasitology*
  • Humans
  • Immunocompromised Host*
  • Opportunistic Infections / parasitology*
  • Parasite Egg Count
  • Sensitivity and Specificity