The effectiveness of intrafollicular insemination (IFI) for the treatment of non-tubal infertility was investigated in a pilot study. A total of 50 infertility patients with normal tubal function verified by laparoscopy or hysterosalpingography were stimulated with clomiphene citrate/human menopausal gonadotrophin. Washed spermatozoa were injected into one to three pre-ovulatory follicles via vaginal puncture 12 or 30 h after human chorionic gonadotrophin administration. Natural progesterone was given for luteal support. The IFI procedure was technically very simple and convenient for the patient and no complications were recorded. One normal intra-uterine pregnancy resulted. The results indicate that by comparsion with other assisted reproductive technologies IFI is very inefficacious for treating non-tubal infertility. Our data suggest that the intrafollicular environment in the preovulatory period is not favourable for fertilization.