The authors report a case of single-lobe Caroli's disease discovered at the radiologic exploration during a laparoscopic cholecystectomy leading to a left hepatic lobectomy 2.5 months later. Localized dilatation of the intrahepatic bile-ducts are infrequent. They may be associated with others pathological conditions such as cystic dilatation of the extrahepatic bile-ducts, congenital hepatic fibrosis of the liver or renal pathology. Hepatic resection is the logical treatment of such localized lesions, but it may have an excessive risk in case of association with a congenital hepatic fibrosis of the liver. The authors insist about the necessity of radiographic exploration during every biliary surgical approach, even with laparoscopic technic.