This article summarizes the contents and results of extensive surveillance on hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in China. Data from surveillance on human HFRS, including morbidity and case fatality rate, trend of epidemics, periodicity of epidemics, factors related to epidemics, types of epidemic areas, environment structure of natural nidi, geographic distribution, seasonal distribution, age distribution, sex distribution and occupation distribution, as well as surveillance on animal infection with HFRS virus were collected and analysed.