Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) oxytocin concentrations in 20 neuroleptic-treated schizophrenic patients, 31 neuroleptic-withdrawn schizophrenic patients, and 15 normal control subjects were compared. Neither within-subject comparisons of CSF oxytocin concentration measurements made during neuroleptic treatment and withdrawal (n = 11), nor comparison of the combined neuroleptic-withdrawn and neuroleptic-treated patient group (n = 40) with control subjects (n = 15) differed significantly, suggesting that CSF oxytocin concentration is not altered in schizophrenia.