This study investigated whether or not the localization of persisting Ag influenced the localization of memory B and/or of Ab-forming cells (AFC). As a model Ag, we used vesicular stomatitis virus, which does not measurably replicate extraneuronally in adult mice after peripheral infection. Our results show that memory B cells and AFC are induced at the site where Ag is present; induced memory B cells then recirculate throughout the lymphoid system independently of Ag localization. In contrast, AFC are induced only at the sites of Ag persistence. These triggered Ab producing cells do not recirculate through the lymphoid tissue but migrate to the bone marrow.