Immigration in Italy from developing countries is a recent problem and the possible consequences on public health must be taken into account. The present study reports the results of Tuberculosis control activities performed by the Dispensario di Igiene Sociale of Turin, related to this population. Up to now the available data suggest that the immigrant population (mainly from North Africa and Senegal), in spite of representing a small part of residents (approximately 33,000/1,000,000) contributes to one third of Tuberculosis cases. The consequences on Tuberculosis epidemiology in Italy and our operational experience on Tuberculosis control and prevention are discussed.