The biodistribution of a trace-labeled I-131 antibody is used to predict the biodistribution of a high dose I-131 antibody for therapy. Internal radiation dose estimates derived from the trace-labeled antibody have been used to determine the I-131 doses in a phase I escalating dose therapy trial for hematologic malignancy. To confirm the hypothesis that the distribution of a trace- and high-dose labeled antibodies are similar, both trace (7-11 mCi, 259-407 MBq) and high-dose (100-800 mCi, 3700-29600 MBq) I-131 radiolabeled antibody infusion were imaged in 12 patients who were treated for leukemia or lymphoma. With specialized imaging techniques using lead attenuation sheets, clearance data from organs were obtained from serial gamma camera images. Biological clearance half times of I-131 from both trace and therapy level doses were in agreement. An exception was a patient who developed human antimouse antibody before therapy, and subsequently had rapid clearance of the therapy dose. The method was feasible, yielded reproducible results, and provided critical data for relating therapy toxicity to radiation absorbed dose estimates.