Surgical coelioscopy has become a regularly used technique for the treatment of benign cysts of the annexes. Complete exeresis and certain histological diagnosis are assured and the postoperative period is simpler than after laparotomy. The risk of pelvic adherences is reduced. We performed coeliosurgery via the transparietal or intraperitonial method in a series of 70 patients for 85 resections of cysts, ovaries or annexes. Length of hospitalization was short and complications were rare. Despite convincing clinical explorations including echography and coelioscopy, we observed one border line tumour and one stage I serous cystadenocarcinoma at histological examination after coeliosurgery. The two observations led us to question percoelioscopic treatment cysts of the annexes but also emphasize the need for careful preoperative work-up and peroperative technique. The indication for laparotomy should be seriously considered in doubtful cases.