A hundred and ninety five percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) of a renal transplant artery were attempted before january 1st, 1990 in 151 patients. Analysis of the series was essentially based on follow-up after PTA. PTA was initially successful in 85% of the patients. Restenoses occurred in 30% of the patient. They were usually amenable to repeat PTA. Restenosis rate after repeat PTA was of 26%. The five year secondary patency rate of the renal artery was over 85%. After a successful PTA, the blood pressure, the number of antihypertensive drug per patient and serum creatinine returned to a level close to their basal value within few days and remained stable long. After an immediate failure of PTA, secondary patency rate of the renal transplant artery was over 80% at one year. Blood pressure returned to a level close to its basal value. But, that improvement was slower (1 to 6 months) and antihypertensive drug regimen and serum creatinine remained stable. We conclude that PTA is an effective treatment at long term of hypertension and of decline in renal function due to stenoses of renal transplant arteries. However PTA carried some risks and should be attempted only stenoses of renal transplants arteries cause, severe hypertension resisting to medical therapy or decline in renal function.