Primary pulmonary hemangiopericytoma is a very rare tumor. A case of the disease is reported, together with a review of the literature. The patient was a 78-year-old male, who was admitted to hospital with an abnormal shadow on his chest x-ray. A primary tumor, located in the left S4, was resected, and a final diagnosis of hemangiopericytoma of pulmonary origin was made. The disease recurred in the left lower lobe 14 months postoperatively. The patient received radiotherapy and is alive to date, 23 months after the operation.