The relationship between malignancy and inflammatory myopathies is now statistically well established. However, the link between polymyositis (PM) or dermatomyositis (DM) and ovarian cancer (OC) has never been clearly emphasized. OC is the 6th most frequent malignancy, occurring in about 1% of the general female population. We describe 7 cases of DM associated with OC (proven in 6 patients, and very probable in a 7th), in a series of 140 adult inflammatory myopathies followed in our institution [84 PM and 56 DM (including 45 female)]. Twenty-four patients had associated malignancy (12 PM and 12 DM). Without considering the probable case, OC occurred in 13.3% (6/45) of the total female DM population, a much higher rate than the 1% observed in the general female population; and in 21.4% (6/28) of females aged over 40 with DM. In women over 40 with DM, ovarian cancer has a major position among associated internal malignancies, and has to be adequately looked for by physicians.