Direct-current injury from external pacemaker results in tissue electrolysis

Ann Thorac Surg. 1993 Jul;56(1):156-7. doi: 10.1016/0003-4975(93)90422-e.

Abstract

In two patients undergoing open heart operations, electrochemical burns developed at the sites of connection to an external pacing system. Investigation revealed that failure of the pacing generator caused a small, continuous, direct current to pass through the patients, resulting in electrolysis at the sites of contact with the pacing and grounding wires. This electrolytic reaction was recreated in a mock pacing system and resulted in tissue injury and disintegration of the pacing wire. Guidelines to help recognize and prevent this complication are presented.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Burns, Chemical / etiology*
  • Burns, Chemical / pathology
  • Burns, Electric / etiology*
  • Burns, Electric / pathology
  • Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / adverse effects*
  • Cardiac Surgical Procedures
  • Electrolysis
  • Equipment Failure
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged