Expression of muscarinic receptor mRNA subtypes (m1-5) and nicotinic receptor subunits (alpha 2-4, and beta 2) was examined in the rat submandibular gland by in situ hybridization histochemistry, using oligonucleotide probes for the muscarinic receptor and RNA probes for the nicotinic receptors. m2, alpha 3, and beta 2 mRNA were strongly expressed in the submandibular ganglion, and m3, alpha 2, alpha 3, alpha 4, and beta 2 were expressed in the striated and interlobular duct cells. Both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors were coexpressed in the same ganglion neurons, while none of these mRNA were detected in the terminal secretory units.