Purpose: To evaluate the effect of extensive screening of women with high-risk, node-positive breast cancer on the detection of occult metastatic disease and patient eligibility for a randomized trial of the addition of high-dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow support (ABMT) to standard adjuvant therapy.
Patients and methods: Women with resected T1-3N1,2 primary breast cancer and > or = 10 positive axillary lymph nodes referred for possible trial participation were evaluated for this report. All had normal chest x-ray, bone scan, and liver ultrasound performed by the referring physician. Those who provided informed consent for the randomized trial were further evaluated according to protocol with computed tomographic (CT) scans of the head, chest, abdomen, and pelvis and bilateral bone marrow biopsies; those with metastatic disease detected by any of these tests were excluded from study registration.
Results: Forty-four women were evaluated between February 1993 and April 1995. Fourteen did not undergo further protocol staging because of refusal to participate or the presence of metastatic disease on clinical assessment or review of outside radiologic studies. The remaining 30 underwent additional investigations, and seven (23%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 12% to 41%) had metastases detected by CT scanning (four patients) or bone marrow biopsy (three patients) not detected by routine screening.
Conclusion: Although the number of patients evaluated is small, these data suggest that some of the improvement in outcome of women with > or = 10 positive axillary lymph nodes who receive ABMT as part of adjuvant chemotherapy in phase II trials may be from the exclusion of patients with occult metastatic disease. The importance of these exclusions can only be determined by ongoing, randomized controlled trials.