Investigation of the GTP-binding/GTPase cycle of Cdc42Hs using extrinsic reporter group fluorescence

Biochemistry. 1996 Apr 9;35(14):4602-8. doi: 10.1021/bi951743d.

Abstract

The overall goal of these studies was to examine the applicability of extrinsic reporter group fluorescence in monitoring the GTP-binding/GTPase cycle of a Ras-like GTP-binding protein. Toward this end, we have labeled the GTP-binding protein Cdc42Hs with the environmentally sensitive fluorophore succinimidyl 6-[(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino]hexanoate (sNBD) at a single reactive lysine residue. We find that the sNBD-labeled Cdc42Hs undergoes a fluorescence enhancement at 545 nm when Cdc42Hs exchanges bound GDP for GTP. This enhancement is then fully reversed upon GTP hydrolysis. The specific GTPase-activating protein for Cdc42Hs, the Cdc42Hs-GAP, strongly stimulates the rate of reversal of the fluorescence enhancement at 545 nm, consistent with its ability to fully catalyze the GTPase reaction of Cdc42Hs. Conversely, the specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), Cdc24, strongly stimulates the fluorescence enhancement that accompanies GTP binding, consistent with its ability to stimulate the GDP-GTP exchange reaction on Cdc42Hs. Resonance energy transfer measurements yielded a distance of approximately 32 A for the sNBD moiety and the guanine nucleotide binding site occupied with either N-methylanthraniloyl- (Mant) dGDP or MantdGTP. Taken together, these results identify a conformationally sensitive reporter site on the Cdc42Hs molecule that is located some distance away from the guanine nucleotide binding site but nonetheless provides a highly sensitive monitor for GTP-binding, GTPase activity, and the interactions of key regulatory proteins.

Publication types

  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Binding Sites
  • Cell Cycle Proteins / chemistry
  • Cell Cycle Proteins / genetics
  • Cell Cycle Proteins / metabolism*
  • Energy Transfer
  • Fluorescent Dyes
  • GTP Phosphohydrolases / metabolism*
  • GTP-Binding Proteins / chemistry
  • GTP-Binding Proteins / genetics
  • GTP-Binding Proteins / metabolism*
  • GTPase-Activating Proteins
  • Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors
  • Guanosine Triphosphate / metabolism*
  • Humans
  • In Vitro Techniques
  • Lysine / chemistry
  • Models, Molecular
  • Oxadiazoles
  • Protein Conformation
  • Proteins / metabolism
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins / chemistry
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins / genetics
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins / metabolism
  • cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein
  • ras GTPase-Activating Proteins
  • ras Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors
  • ras Proteins / chemistry
  • ras Proteins / metabolism

Substances

  • Cell Cycle Proteins
  • Fluorescent Dyes
  • GTPase-Activating Proteins
  • Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors
  • Oxadiazoles
  • Proteins
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins
  • ras GTPase-Activating Proteins
  • ras Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors
  • succinimidyl 6-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)aminohexanoate
  • Guanosine Triphosphate
  • GTP Phosphohydrolases
  • GTP-Binding Proteins
  • cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein
  • ras Proteins
  • Lysine