Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition and chronic cyclosporine-induced renal dysfunction in type 1 diabetes

Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1996 Apr;11(4):673-8. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.ndt.a027358.

Abstract

Aim: This study was designed to evaluate whether the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril could prevent cyclosporine-induced renal dysfunction in diabetic patients treated with CsA in monotherapy.

Design: Twenty-four recent onset insulin-dependent diabetic patients without prior renal involvement were randomized to receive a 3 month course of either cyclosporine (CsA) alone (7.5 mg/kg. b.i.d. in olive oil) or CsA+enalapril (20mg p.o. oad.).

End points: were mean arterial pressure, plasma creatinine, GFR, renal plasma flow, renal vascular resistance, sodium and lithium clearances measured before and after 3 months of treatment.

Results: Baseline values were identical in both groups except for mean arterial pressure which was slightly higher in the subjects subsequently receiving CsA + enalapril. Three month treatment with CsA increased significantly mean arterial pressure and renal vascular resistance by 9 and 24% respectively, while decreasing significantly glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow by 17 and 14% respectively. Enalapril was able to prevent the decline in GFR and the increase in blood pressure induced by CsA. This effect was demonstrated despite a similar increase in renal vascular resistance suggesting a dissociation between changes in glomerular filtration rate and renal vascular resistance during angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibition.

Conclusion: Chronic angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibition could afford some degree of protection against CsA-induced renal dysfunction. Whether these results can be extrapolated to transplant recipients in whom CsA is usually associated to treatment by glucocorticosteroids deserves further evaluation.

Publication types

  • Clinical Trial
  • Comparative Study
  • Randomized Controlled Trial
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / therapeutic use*
  • Creatinine / blood
  • Cyclosporine / adverse effects*
  • Cyclosporine / therapeutic use
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / complications*
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / physiopathology
  • Drug Therapy, Combination
  • Enalapril / therapeutic use*
  • Female
  • Glomerular Filtration Rate / drug effects
  • Hemodynamics / drug effects
  • Humans
  • Immunosuppressive Agents / adverse effects*
  • Immunosuppressive Agents / therapeutic use
  • Kidney / drug effects*
  • Kidney / metabolism
  • Kidney / physiopathology
  • Kidney Diseases / chemically induced
  • Kidney Diseases / physiopathology
  • Kidney Diseases / prevention & control
  • Male
  • Radioimmunoassay
  • Renal Circulation / drug effects
  • Sodium / urine

Substances

  • Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
  • Immunosuppressive Agents
  • Enalapril
  • Cyclosporine
  • Sodium
  • Creatinine