Patient-controlled analgesia for conscious sedation during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: a randomized controlled trial

Gastrointest Endosc. 1996 May;43(5):490-4. doi: 10.1016/s0016-5107(96)70292-4.

Abstract

Background: Adequate comfort is essential to patients undergoing invasive procedures. This study was designed to evaluate whether patient-controlled analgesia could improve sedation for ERCP.

Methods: Patients were randomized to receive standard sedation (n = 31) or patient-controlled analgesia (n = 31). The patients were blinded to the randomization. After the procedure the patient, physician, and nurse each rated their satisfaction with sedation using a verbal rating scale.

Results: There was no significant difference between the patient's mean satisfaction score for the conventional and patient-controlled analgesia groups (9.3 and 9.6, respectively, p = 0.5). The physicians rated sedation higher in the conventional group compared with the patient-controlled analgesia group (8.6 and 8.2, respectively, p = 0.02). Physicians and nurses' scores correlated (r = 0.53, p = 0.0001), but there was no correlation between scores reported by either physicians or nurses and the patients' scores (r = 0.2 and r = 0.05, respectively). Oxygen saturation less than 90% occurred for more than 1 minute in three patients who received standard sedation but in none who used patient-controlled analgesia.

Conclusion: This trial demonstrates that patient-controlled analgesia during ERCP is as effective as standard sedation with respect to patient satisfaction. Physicians and nurses, however, are not good proxies for assessing patient satisfaction.

Publication types

  • Clinical Trial
  • Comparative Study
  • Randomized Controlled Trial

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Analgesia, Patient-Controlled / methods*
  • Analgesics, Opioid / administration & dosage*
  • Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde*
  • Conscious Sedation*
  • Drug Combinations
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hypnotics and Sedatives / administration & dosage*
  • Infusions, Intravenous
  • Male
  • Meperidine / administration & dosage*
  • Midazolam / administration & dosage*
  • Middle Aged
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • Analgesics, Opioid
  • Drug Combinations
  • Hypnotics and Sedatives
  • Meperidine
  • Midazolam