Both dexamphetamine and the pure dopamine reuptake inhibitor GBR 12783 elicit a stimulation of locomotion and increase swimming activity in the behavioral despair test in mice. The dopamine D1 dopamine receptor antagonist SCH 23390 dose dependently (7.5-30 micrograms/kg s.c.) antagonized the stimulant locomotor effect on both drugs but did not prevent their antiimmobility effect on the behavioral despair test. The D2 dopamine receptor antagonist haloperidol dose dependently (12.5-50 micrograms/kg i.p.) antagonized the effects of dexamphetamine on both locomotor activity and behavioral despair test. By contrast, haloperidol inhibited the effects of GBR 12783 in the forced swimming test but not on locomotion. It is concluded that indirect dopamine agonists are effective on the behavioral despair test independently of a stimulation of locomotor activity. Their effects on the despair test depend on the stimulation of D2 but not D1 dopamine receptors.