Objectives: To investigate the localization of manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) and copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu, Zn-SOD) in the human ovary and fallopian tube, and to examine the role of superoxide radicals and SODs in the human ovulatory process.
Methods: Using immunohistochemical methods, we studied the localization of SODs in 22 human ovaries, in 18 fallopian tubes, and in aspirated granulosa cells. We measured, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the concentrations of SODs in follicular fluid taken from 94 IVF patients.
Results: Mn-SOD was found in granulosa, in theca and luteal cells and in fallopian tubes. Cu, Zn-SOD was localized in theca and luteal cells. The concentration of Cu, Zn-SOD in follicular fluid in the high-progesterone group (11.3 + 4.2 ng/ml) was significantly less than in the low-progesterone group (24.5 + 19.5) (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Mn-SOD and Cu, Zn-SOD have different localizations and actions in human ovaries and fallopian tubes. The superoxide radical-SOD system might play an important role in ovulation and in the luteal function of the human ovary.