Background: The incidence of methicillin-resistant Gram-positive bacteria infections in febrile neutropenic children is high. Teicoplanin is an alternative treatment to vancomycin in these patients but few pharmacokinetic studies of teicoplanin in children have been conducted and optimal dosages have not been well-established.
Objectives: To assess the pharmacokinetics of teicoplanin in combination with another antibiotic in Gram-positive infections in pediatric patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation and to determine the most appropriate dosage regimen for this type of patient.
Methods: We studied 21 patients divided into 2 groups. In Group A (n = 9) the dosage regimen consisted of 3 loading doses of 10 mg/kg at 12-h intervals, followed by a maintenance dosage of 10 mg/kg/day. Group B (n = 12) received the same loading dose and a maintenance dosage of 20 mg/kg/day. Plasma teicoplanin concentrations were monitored in all patients from the second day after the start of treatment and periodically thereafter. Serum concentrations above 10 mg/l were established as desirable trough values.
Results: In Group A trough values > 10 mg/l were not reached in five patients and treatment was modified owing to persistent fever. In Group B all patients attained trough values > 10 mg/l. Tolerance to treatment was excellent.
Conclusion: In febrile neutropenic pediatric patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation, maintenance dosages of teicoplanin between 15 and 20 mg/kg/day assure serum concentrations above 10 mg/l. Dosages of 10 mg/kg/day do not assure serum through values above 10 mg/l.