Antibody response and reactions to completion of a four-dose series with a two- or three-component acellular pertussis vaccine compared to whole cell pertussis vaccine

Scand J Infect Dis. 1996;28(2):159-63. doi: 10.3109/00365549609049068.

Abstract

We compared the reactions and immunogenicity of DT acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccines containing pertussis toxoid (PT) and filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA) (2-component DTaP) or PT, FHA and pertactin (PRN) (3-component DTaP vaccine) with a whole cell (DTwP) vaccine as a fourth-dose booster in 158 children (15-20 months old) who had received 3 primary vaccine doses with the same vaccines at 2, 4 and 6 months of age. Randomization was 3:1 for DTaP:DTwP and all children received concomitant oral polio vaccine (OPV). Fever (> 38 degrees C), irritability, local injection site erythema (> 10 mm), swelling (> 10 mm), and pain (moderate or more) were assessed for 72 h after booster vaccination. DTwP vaccinees had a higher incidence of fever (29.4%) and injection-site pain (45.7%) than 3-component DTaP vaccinees (fever, 9.6%, p < 0.02; injection-site pain, 3.8%, p < 0.01); 2-component DTaP vaccinees had less injection-site pain (8.3%, p < 0.01). Pre- and post-vaccination immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Pre- and post anti-PT levels were similar for all 3 vaccine groups. Anti-FHA antibody was higher pre- and post-vaccination for both DTaP vaccine groups compared with the DTwP vaccinees (p < 0.01 for all comparisons). For 3-component DTaP vaccinees, anti-PRN antibody was higher pre- and post-vaccination compared to DTwP vaccinees (p < 0.01 for both comparisons). Tetanus antibody was higher pre- and post-vaccination for DTwP versus both DTaP vaccine groups, and diphtheria antibody was similar pre- and post-vaccination for all 3 groups. These 2- and 3-component DTaP vaccines produce less common reactions and comparable or higher antibody to the components they contain (except tetanus) than DTwP vaccine when given as a booster to 15- to 20-month-old children previously primed with the same vaccine.

Publication types

  • Clinical Trial
  • Comparative Study
  • Randomized Controlled Trial

MeSH terms

  • Adhesins, Bacterial / administration & dosage*
  • Antibodies, Bacterial / analysis*
  • Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine / administration & dosage
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Double-Blind Method
  • Female
  • Hemagglutinins / administration & dosage*
  • Humans
  • Immunization Schedule
  • Immunization, Secondary / methods
  • Infant
  • Male
  • Pertussis Vaccine / administration & dosage*
  • Vaccines, Inactivated / administration & dosage
  • Virulence Factors, Bordetella*
  • Whooping Cough* / immunology
  • Whooping Cough* / prevention & control

Substances

  • Adhesins, Bacterial
  • Antibodies, Bacterial
  • Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine
  • Hemagglutinins
  • Pertussis Vaccine
  • Vaccines, Inactivated
  • Virulence Factors, Bordetella
  • filamentous hemagglutinin adhesin, Bordetella pertussis