Hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission by needlestick accidents involving hospital employees has become an important problem. The present report is of a case of acute hepatitis C that developed after a needlestick injury, despite short duration interferon treatment performed just after the accident in a trial effort to prevent HCV transmission. Nosocomial infection of HCV in medical employees is reviewed, and the current prospects for protecting them from HCV transmission after needlestick accident are discussed.